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Domain of Islam -- Encyclopedia |
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Pious Predecessors
Term
SHAIKHUL HIND MAULANA MAHMUD HASAN
DoiAdmins |
Shaikhul Hind Maulana Mahmud Hasan (1851-1920)
An eminent theologian and freedom fighter who laid the foundation stone of
Jamia Millia Islamia at Aligarh in Northern India in 1920, Maulana Mahmud
Hasan, popularly known as Shaikhul Hind (leader of India), was born in 1851
at Bareily where his father, Maulana Zulfeqar Ali, also a well known scholar
of Arabic, was employed in the Department of Education.
He was the first student of Darul Uloom, Deoband, the world renowned institution
of Islamic Sciences and one of the most distinguished disciples of the founder
of this institution, Maulana Mohammad Qasim Nanotvi. After his graduation
from Darul Uloom in 1873, he served the same institution as a teacher from
1874 till his appointment as Principal in 1890.
Unlike the ulema of that time and his preoccupation with teaching and administrative
works in Darul Uloom notwithstanding, he kept himself fully informed about
the political developments in the country.
The second decade of the twentieth century was a period of great restlessness
and anxiety for the Islamic world as a result of a secret pact among the
Western powers to overthrown the Turkish Empire which was looked upon with
respect and reverence by the Indian Muslims.
During this time, Shaikhul Hind prepared a plan to start an armed revolution
against the British rule for which he launched a programme to train volunteers
from among his disciples in India and abroad who joined this movement in
a large number. The most eminent among them were Maulana Ubaidullah Sindhi
and Maulana Mohd. Mian Mansoor Ansari.
There was a general belief that war of liberation cannot be launched without
arms and ammunition. Therefore, it was necessary to secure support from outside
India. While Shaikhul Hind sent Maulana Ubaidullah Sindhi to Kabul with a
special mission and Maulana Mohd. Mian Mansoor Ansari to the independent
tribes of the Frontier area to mobilize them for a war against the British
rule, he himself traveled to Hijaz in 1915 to secure the Turkish support
for his plan. In Hijaz, he met the Turkish Governor, Ghalib Pasha and obtained
his signature on a war declaration. From Hijaz he wanted to come to the Frontier
area via Baghdad and Baluchistan, but his plan was leaked and he was arrested
at Mecca and imprisoned at Malta where he remained for over three years till
his release in 1920.
Since the letters exchanged between Shaikhul Hind and his colleagues containing
the outlines of the plan to recruit the volunteers for the liberation army
and to establish a national government were written on silk, the movement
launched by him is known as 'Reshmi Rumal ki Tahrik' (Movement of Silken
Kerchief) .
After returning to India Shaikhul Hind joined the Khilafat Movement and issued
his famous Fatwa of non-cooperation against the British rule.
In the same year (1920) in October he laid the foundation stone of Jamia
Millia Islamia at Aligarh. He died on 30th November 1920.
| Related Terms: deoband, darul uloom, Islam in India |
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