The Muslim Rule in Andalus

The Fall of Andalus and Today's Muslim World -->Recommended Audio

As soon as Tariq reached the mid of the gulf and reached the coast of Andalus, slunber overtook him and he (Tariq) saw in dream the Prophet(saws) saying, "Andalus will be conquered at your hands".

A Wonderful Verdict of Tariq on the Coast of Andalus
Tariq landed on the coast of Andalus along with his companions and the first thing he did was that he put all the ships to torch, which had been used for reaching there; destroying at sea. This act of Tariq seems very wonderful. But if we meditate on it, it seems that it is evidence of his supreme bravery and his capabilities. Tariq knew that his handful army had no reality in comparison with the huge army of the enemy. It was possible that the Barbar converts to Islam may get home-sick and the subordinate army officers may stress that they should not start a war before a large army join them and hence, they should go back to Tanjah. Therefore, in the existing state, this first expedition will meet failure and the dream of Tariq will be doubtful. Tariq had been perfectly sure of this that he considered it certain to conquer Andalus with the army. By destroying his ships at sea, he vividly told his companions that there had been no way back—behind them is the sea and before them is the enemy country; thus, there is no way except pushing the enemy and accepting his land. The more we are active, vigilant, courageous and diligent, the better it is for us, and the result of laziness, lack of courage and indolence cannot be anything except destruction and ruination.

The First Stage of the Muslim Army
The place when Tariq had landed had been named as Lions' Rock. After that, it had been named as Jabal Al- and still it is named as Jabal Al-Tariq or Jabraltar.

The First Attack of Tadmeer, the Christian General and His Defeat
The commander-in-chief of king Larzeeq, Tadmeer, by name, by chance had been in the same vicinity with a powerful army. The companions of Tariq had not longer set themselves when Tadmeer attacked them once being informed of them. Tadmeer had been a very experienced and well-known commander-in-chief. He had won a name in many battles. Tadmeer made the attack with full force; but Tariq gave him a bitter defeat and forced him to retreat. After the defeat, Tadmeer went to a safe place and informed the king thus:

"O Emperor! A strange nation had attacked on our country. I competed against them with full courage and valour; but my efforts met failure and my army could not stand before them. In this critical moment the need of the hour is that you yourself pay attention to it with a large army and force. I am unaware of the attackers —where from they have come; they have come from the sky or have emerged from the earth."

Preparation of the King Larzeeq
Getting this wild news, Larzeeq diverted all his attention in accumulating the armies,He started from Tulaitalah and came to Cardova and armies from all over the country centered there. Larzeeq lavishly spent his treasures for the army and he started from Cardova to Tariq after collecting an army of one lac (100,000) soldiers with great readiness and courage. Tadmeer also accompanied him along with his army. In the mean while, Tariq did not sit idle. He started occupying the cities and towns and conquered Al-Jazair and Shadoonah, reaching as far as valley of Luktah The army of Larzeeq not only consisted of one lac (100,000) soldiers, but had in addition all great experienced generals and well-known chiefs of every province.

The First War
Both the armies met on the bank of a small stream near the lake of Lajanda adjacent to Shadoonah.on twenty eighth ramadan, ninety two A. H. (July, 711 A.D.). After the departure of Tariq, Musa bin Nusair sent an army of five thousands Soldiers from Africa, by way of reinforcement. This army had also joined Tariq before the combat, making the army of Tariq, twelve thousand. On one side, the Muslims had twelve thousand soldiers and on the other, one lac Christians. The Muslims had been unaware of the affairs of this country and thought it quite strange. The Christian army had been from this very country and had came to the battlefield for saving their country and kingdom. On one side, there had been Tariq bin Ziyad, the freed slave of Musa bin Nusair, the governor and the commander-in-chief of the Muslim army, who could not make extra-ordinary marksmanship. On the other side, the Emperor of Andalus had been commanding the army, who had possessed of all the treasures of the country and all kinds of honours and marksmanship. The Muslim army consisted majority of the new converted Barbars.

The army of Larzeeq consisted of devoted Christians, with all great and well-known priests and bishops to persuade them for fighting and competing with bravery. In this battle, the handful army of Tariq, which had been hardly equal to one eighth of their enemy, if it had met failure, it would have been a very ordinary and negligent battle; but as the army of twelve thousand Soldiers defeated a brave army of one lac soldiers, laced with all weapons, very bitterly, this battle is counted among the great battles of the world. The examples of such grand fights can be found very rare and very few in the history of the world. In a week both the armies stood in their tents opposite to each other . When Tariq set the rows of his handful army in front of the large army of Larzeeq—the emperor of Haspaniah, he addressed his companions and made a speech arousing the zeal which had strengthen the belief in Allah and making the soldiers firm and perseverant. This speech made by Tariq effected warmth to the blood of the brave Muslims and their eagerness for martyrdom eliminated the love of the world and their families. After that, the war raged. There had been uproar in the army of the enemy and the Muslims uttered the slogan of Takbeer i.e.; 'Allah Akbar' which terrified the enemies and enhanced the courage of the Muslims. What a beautiful coupulet that had been composed by a poet—"For fighting utter the slogan of Takbeer before you use the Javelin and arrow".

The major portion of the Christian army, had been clad with mail-coats; but the whole of the Muslim army had been on fort. Whenever the army of the Christian horse-men attacked like the rebellions sea currents, it seemed that they would pass over the Muslims breaking their bodies ever and they would not have needed to use the javelins and swords; but when this large army fully laced up with weapons clashed with this rock-like army of the Muslims, it was disclosed that the majority of the sheep had attacked on the minority of the lions for dominating them. When the lighting of the Islamic swords, some of the clouds of the Christian army changed into dead bodies besmeared with mud and bloof and majority of them became visible in the shape of broken pieces of clouds. The awesome slogans of Takbeer kept on overcoming the uproar and noise of the battle-field in such a way that the cleverness of the swordsmen and smartness of spearmen raised the loftiness of this battle so high for the historians of the world that every portion of the inhabited quarter of earth and every nation of the world saw this scene of Islamic zeal with astonishment.

Absconding of Larzeeq from the Battle-field
Emperor Larzeeq i.e., the commander-in-chief of the Christian armies could not stand with his giant-bodied green horse, along with all his experience, bravery and reputation,
besmeared with mud and blood with the dead Christians and fled under great haste, considering his life more precious than honour. A few moments ago, the person who had been the
emperor of Haspania, commander-in-chief of a one lac brave army and beloved of all the priests seemed running away- under great urgency, in such a way, that he had been struggling to excel the other runners and nobody had been so conscious, worried, that he could make way for his emperor.

The causes of the defeat of the Christian Army
In brief, the Christian army was defeated and the small , muslim army stood as the conqueror with a clear conquest. The cause of the serious defeat of the Christians should not be considered based on cowardice of the Christian army; the real cause had been the extra-ordinary and surprising valour and diligence of the Muslims. If the cowardice of the Christian army had been the cause of this defeat, the dead bodies of great chiefs, princes and priests would not have been visible in the dead bodies in abundance. Soon after the extinguishing of the war, the whole battle-field had been filled with the dead bodies. The exact number of the killed Christians cannot be told. It did happen that as soon as the war came to an end, the whole Muslim army who had no horses, had changed into the cavalry of the horse-men. These horses which had been sufficient for all the Muslims, belonged to the Christian cavalry men who had been killed by the Muslims. These cavalry men could have run away if they had so desired before being killed. For a week, the number of the Muslims in the battle-field had not been hidden from the Christian army. During this period, the Christian had been being provided every kind of supplies also and their number had also been increasing; but the condition of the Muslims in this land had been altogether different. The fewer number of the Muslims must have certainly enhanced the courage and dare of the Christians. This war had lasted from morning till evening. During this period, both the armies had full opportunity to do their best and render the others' army efforts fruitless, but the result betrayed that the Muslims could en defeat a ten fold army in the same way as they had defeated the eight fold army. About it, Allah swt commanded;

"If there are twenty amongst you, patient and persevering, they will vanquish two hundred; if hundred, they will vanquish a thousand of the pagans; for
these are a people without understanding." (Anfaal 6:65)

The Gath kingdom of Haspaniah used to defeat the kingdom of France on one side and the Roman kingdom of Italy on the other. Its awesome impact had been established on the continent of Europe. The generals of Haspaniah had always been successful in the battle-fields with their bravery. This was before the Muslim conquerors. They had defeated the weak in the same way as their religion fellows had been defeated by the Muslims either they ran away or had been overpowered.

The Muslims achieved this Fath-i-Mubeen or open conquest on fifth Shawwal, 92 A. H. This very date should be considered the date of the start of the Islamic rule in Andalus. The same day, Tariq sent a messenger to the governor Musa bin Nusair apprising him of this riding and he himself got engaged in completing the conquest of the province of Andaloosiyah after sending batches of Muslim contingents here and there, Musa bin Nusair had been very pleased to hear the news of this great conquest and sent the tiding of this conquest through a letter. He, then, resoluted to go to Andalus himself. He wrote a letter to Tariq also, advising him to maintain possession on the land on which he had already his possession and not to advance further. After that, Musa bin Nusair left Qairawan with eighteen thousand soldiers. He appointed his son as governor in Qairawan on his behalf. When the letter of Ameer Musa had been received by Tariq, he had conquered the southern part of the peninsula i.e., Andaloosiyah but the big central cities and the capital Tulaitalah had been functioning as the cantonments of the armies and it had been apprehended that the Christians were going to unite and make an attack with full force.

The most important task for Tariq was that he should advance towards the north without any hesitation and conquer those cities, one after another, so as to not decrease his awe which had been prevailing on the Christians. Tariq got the chiefs gathered together and apprised them of the order of Ameer Musa. All of them suggested that in the ease of complying with the order of Ameer Musa, there would be a likelihood of an attack of the from every side resulting in the conquest of Andalus immensely difficult. Count Julian had also been present with Tariq also advised not to hesitate in conquering the
country; otherwise the task would become difficult.

Advance of Tariq Towards Cardova
Thus, Tariq advanced towards Cardova. The ruler of Cardova belonged to the royal family. The absconders of the the valley of Luktah had gathered together with him. The fort of this city had been very strong and it was not easy to conquer it. Tariq came there and first he sent the message to the people of the city to accept his occupation of the city under compromise. When the answer had been in the negative, the citv was besieged. Considering not spending more time in this besiege as not fruitful, Tariq left Mugheeth Al-Roomi at the siege of Cardova and moved to Tulaitalah himself.

Conquest of Tulaitalah
Tariq conquered Tulaitalah very easily in 93 Hijri. He got twenty-five golden crowns belonging to the Gath kings from the royal treasures of Tulaitalah. Every crown had the name of the king and the duration of his rule. It means that by that time twenty-five kings had ruled one after another. A new crown , had been made for every king and the crown of the dead king had been placed in the treasure. Tariq did not stay in Tulaitalah also; rather, he reached the extreme northern province, after conquering the cities. On the other side, Mugheeth Al-Roomi conquered Cardova and the suburbs, a few days after .the besiege. In this way, Tariq conquered the middle part of the peninsula of Andalus, from north to south. Only the provinces to the east and the west had been left.

Musa Bin Nusair in Andalus
In the meanwhile, Ameer Musa bin Nusair entered Andalus along with his army. Tariq had left Julian in the province of Andaloosiyah for its administration. Count Julian first °f all received Ameer Musa. When he found him angry at Tariq, he submitted very respectfully, "Still, there have been left many essential cities and western provinces. You, please, adopt the way on the western side for going to Tulaitalah and thetre will be left no more danger if you go one conquering the lying on the way". Musa bin Nusair acted upon the same opinion and reached Tulaitalah, after conquering the cities on the way. Hearing the news of the arrival into Andalus by Ameer Musa, Tariq also moved to Tulaitalah. Both Musa and Tariq met each other in Tulaitalah. Musa rebutted Tariq for not complying with his order and also imprisoned him for a few days. The object was not only to make Tariq understand, but that other chiefs also know how necessary it is for the subordinates to obey the order of the officer. After this warning, he handed over a large army to Tariq and sent him ahead and he himself followed him. Ameer Musa kept on confirming and verifying the treaties already entered into. Tariq and Musa had been engaged in conquering the northern and north western cities respectively and Abdul Azeez bin Musa, son of Musa bin Nusair started conquering the southern and eastern lands. Tadmeer r the chief of the king Larzeeq gathered an army from the southern and eastern lands and came to fight with Abdul Azeez. Many skirmishes were fought, but he could not face Abdul Azeez in the open field. He kept hiding in the mountains and attacked from ambush whenever he had a chance. At last, a compromise had been arrived at between Abdul Azeez and Tadmeer. Abdul Azeez granted a small estate to Tadmeer, on which he started ruling. It was stipulated that Tadmeer would not give shelter to the enemies of the Islamic state and would maintain religious freedom in every condition. On the other side, Tariq and Musa also had entered the treaties with the cities on easy conditions. In brief, these were

Tariq and Musla had also promulgated the orderthat-nohindrance will be caused against the Ghair Musafi or non militant people at all; the old, women and children will not be killed; only those persons may be murdered who come to the battle filed laced with weapons and fight against the Muslims.

Tariq and Musa reached to Jabal Al-Bartat, conquering the northern and western provinces. Then, they crossed the Jabal Bartat and reached France. After conquering the southern area of France, the Muslim army went back to Jabal Al-Bartat due to the severity of winter and non-availability of supplies. Thereafter Musa bin Nusair intended that he would reach Constantinople, conquering France, Australia, Italy and Balqan next year. On return, they conquered the northern and western province, Jaleeqiyyah or Qaleeshia which had been the place of shelter for the absconders.

Complete Occupation of Andalus Under Islam
Entering Andalus and before moving towards the north from the capital Tulaitalah, he sent Mugheeth Al-Roomi to the Dar Al-Khiiafah Damascus along with presents and good tiding of the conquest of the land of Andalus. Mugheeth Al-Roomi returned from the Dar Al-Khilafah when Musa bin Nusair had conquered Jaleeqiyyah and had been planning to conquer the remaining countries of Europe after complete occupation of the land of Andalus. The charter which Mugheeth Al-Roomi had brought from the Khaleefah or caliph, (hanged the determination of Musa bin Nusair to dampen.

Order of Khaleefah Waleed and Call for Musa Bin Nusair
The Khaleefah stopped Musa bin Nusair from conquering Europe and ordered him to report to the court without any , delay- In compliance of this order. Ameer Musa bin Nusair handed over the rule of Andalus to his son Abdul Azeez and moved along with Tariq and Mugheeth, taking all his equipments with him. He also took the treasures of Andalus golden utensils and ornaments i.e., Khums one fifth of this being for the Maal-i-Ghaneemat or booty and many slaves and slave-girls. Musa left for Qairawan via Maraqash from Andalus and Qairawan, he reached near the capital Damascus via Egypt. This was the period when Khaleefah Waleed bin Abdul Malik had been suffering from death-bed illness. Musa bin Nusair stayed at Azhas for two years and entered the boundary of Syria in the beginning of Jumadil Al-Ula, 96 Hijri. After Waieed bin Abdul Malik, his brother Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik had succeeded to the throne. When Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik came to know that restoring to normal health from this illness for Waleed is difficult and Musa bin Nusair had arrived near the capital, he sent a message not to make hurry in entering the Dar AI-Khalifah or capital.

Probably, the objective of Sulaiman, the crown prince must have been that if Waleed had been on the vage of death, the start of his succession should be considered a sign of good luck for the kingdom, it was not difficult at all for Musa to fulfill this desire of the crown prince; because it had been better to be in the office of the Khaleefah Waleed in the state of restoring to health if the illness of the Khaleefah would have been off while waiting and hesitating by Musa and if Khalid, Waleed had died, Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik would have been pleased with Musa fulfilling his objective. Thus, there would have been no expectation except fame and kindness from the new Khaleefah; but Musa paid no heed at all to the message of the crown prince and entered Damascus as soon as possible and reported himself into the office of the Khaleefah Waleed bin Abdul Malik. ' Khaleefah Waleed had not been so much pleased with the gifts and presents brought by Musa, which he had expected. Seeing the illness of the existing Khaleefah as dangerous, the governors and ministers generally try to get the pleasure of the crown prince and be attracted to him. Therefore, the opponents and the jealous of Musa must have made this activity of Musa still more objectionable and the people must have essentially spoken ill in opposing Musa and mistake of Musa must have been given a great expression and publicity before Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik and must have even more so instigated his anger and wrath.

Succession of Sulaiman Bin Abdul Malik and Reprimand of Musa Bin Nusair
At last, the same week, Waleed bin Abdul Malik died and , Khaleefah Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik ascended the throne on sixteenth Jumada AI-Thani, 96 Hijri- Ascending the throne, Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik strictly checked his accounts. When Musa could not pay the balance of the land revenue of Maghribi or African countries, which had been due from Musa, the Khaleefah reprimanded him, confiscated his equipments and imprisoned him in lieu of two lacs (200,000) of gold coins which had been left due from him. To Tariq and Mugheeth who had been from amongst the well-known chiefs of Musa bin Nusair and had performed the most prominent role in the conquest of Andalus, had not been ordered to march with army by the court of Khilaafat; rather the court of Khilaafat had only accepted the request of Musa for invading. Therefore, the land-mark of the conquest of Andalus had been mainly relating to Musa bin' Nusair and the same had been the cause of the reputation of Musa and Tariq.

Consequence of Tariq
Getting angry with Musa, when Khaleefah Sulaiman imprisoned him, it had an impact on Tariq also as he had been a slave freed and trained by Musa. No extra-ordinary patronage had been done to Tariq. Neither had he been sent back as the ruler of Andalus or Morrocco because all the African lands had been under the rule of the sons of Musa bin Nusair i.e., Abdul Azeez bin Musa, Abdullah bin Musa and Marwan bin Musa had been occupying Andalus, Qairawan and Moraqash respectively. It had been essential for Sulaiman bin Abdul
Malik that he should not remain negligent towards the family charter to settle in any city of Syria and Musa had been imprisoned. When Ameer Ibn Al-Muhlab recommended for Musa, Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik release him from the prison and issued a charter for him to settle in Wadi Al-Qura after receiving from him as much money as possible.

Death of Musa Bin Nusair
In the state of disappointment and misfortune, Musa bin Nusair died the next year i.e., in 97 Hijri at the age of seventy eight years. He had been appointed as the governor of Africa in 79 Hijri. Having seen this Mahjool .Sad or wistful fate, the historians have raised objection against Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik, that he had not appreciated the conqueror generals; but if we meditate and ponder over it, Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik had not been so faulty as he had been shown. Territorial aggrandisement is worth patronage and worth respect. Ruling is more than that in status and dignity. It had been the demand of kingship which took place at the hand of Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik, Generally, brave commanders-in-chiefs and conquerors of lands have been very weak and careless in monetary affairs, It had been the result of the same carelessness that Hadrat Umer Farooq had suspended Hadrat Khalid bin Waleed from commander-in-chiefship.

No objection can be raised at all against the act of Farooq-i-Aazam rather it had been exactly a reward and based on truthfulness. The same has been the case of Musa bin Nusair. Musa bin Nusair had been appointed as the governor of Africa for sixteen of seventeen years. If the balance of land revenue of Africa which had been due from Musa and the debt which he had been owing to the Bait Al-Maal or state exchequer, had been given up merely on this consideration that Andalus had been conquered at his command, it would have been a bad example for the other governors and the daring of Musa bin Nusair would have enhanced the mistake, carelessness or dishonesty.
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This fact should also not be overlooked that none of the ministers, advisers and courtiers of Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik made any criticism regarding the matter of Musa bin Nusair and Tariq against Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik after the death of Khaleefah. The Muslim historians have not expressed any surprise and sorrowfulness which is the proof of the fact that no extra-ordinary treatment had been made towards Musa bin Nusair Whatever had been done, had not been against justice and equity- Those who had been the describers of the calamities of Banu Umayyah and those who had always been ready to prove everything of theirs as improper, mostly were Banu Abbas; but Banu Abbas also had not defamed them in this matter and they have not even mentioned anything about the non-appreciation made by Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik in this regard.

In our eyes when the books written by European historians have been studied by the Muslims, still more misunderstanding has been created while narrating this conquest of Andalus. The European historians firstly, make great struggle to prove that the kingdom of Larzeeq had become extra-ordinarily weak. Then, they assert, without support of any argument, that the subjects of Larzeeq had become rebellious against him and had joined hands with the Muslims. Whereas the reality is that, seeing the government of the Muslims, the subjects, undoubtedly, started seeing the Muslim conquerors with appreciation and love; the people of Andalus rendered no help to the Muslims except that Count Julian personally, persuaded the Muslims to attack thereby taking personal revenge. A priest had also supported Julian in this matter. Moreover, the Muslims also had not been in need of such conspiracies and helped the rebellious on the basis of their power of faith and strength of heart and mind. In order to decrease this extraordinary valour and bravery of the Muslims, the; Christian historians coin wonderful things and stories and last of all, they attack, helplessly, on the moral qualities of Tariq, Musa and Sulaiman and air their grievances.

A False Story and Criticism on It
Thus, they have coined a false story and they have given glory to it. The story is that when Tariq moved from Tulaitalah to the northern direction, he meat a group of absconders of Tulaitalah, who had in their possession a stool of Hadrat Sulaiman (as) which had been studded with jewels and had been valuing crores of dinars. Tariq snatched it. When Musa reached Andalus, Musa demanded this stool from Tariq. Tariq dislocated one of its legs and concealed it and hand, over the three-legged stool to Musa and said, "It had been found in this very condition". Musa got a fourth-leg made of gold and had the stool, fixed but it could not be like remaining three legs. When Musa presented this stool to Khaleefah Waleed or Sulaiman, he submitted, "I had got stool from the booty property". Finding one of its legs defective the Khaleefah enquired, "Why this leg is not like the other three. legs'. Musa submitted, "This had been received by me from Christians in this very condition". Tariq had also been present; that time. He, at once, took out the fourth leg from his armpit and presented it before the Khaleefah saying, "Here is the fourth leg!" When the Khaleefah came to know that Musa had attributed the land-mark of Tariq to himself, he got furious an he not only imprisoned Musa but also imposed on him such heavy fine which Musa could not pay.

The Christian historian have also forged many such-like stories. We feel sorry for those historians of our times, who attended to write the history of Andalus and did not expose the absurdity of such absurd an meaningless stories. Tariq's treating his near officer and master with cunning and fraud and planning long before this scheme for doing harm to Musa cannot be understood. More surprising fact is that Musa had to produce the fourth leg of the stool-made by order and nobody told Musa that when they had snatched that stool from the absconders, all its legs had been intact and that he must arrange for searching for the fourth But it had been such a conspiracy of Tariq that thousands of men had been aware of it and Musa kept thinking, remaining unaware for three years of it that the stool had been snatched from the Christians in the same condition. An adventurous person like Musa who had been determined to conquer all Europe and reach Constantinople, it is surprising that he could be ready on doing such a mean act and low spirits to attribute to himself a land-mark done by another person by telling a A lie. What is teresting is that snatching a stool on a small table from the Christian absconders had not been an act of bravery whether any person would have gotten this stool. In any event that should have been presented into the office of the caliph. It is more astonishing that Tariq had been presented it in the court of Khaleefah in such a way that he had been hiding the leg of the table under his armpit. Even this in no way, can be understood that the Khaleefah Sulaiman had suggested such measures of punishment against the ridiculous acts of Tariq and Musa We must rely mostly on Ibn Khuldun from amongst the historians writing on Andalus and African countries. Ibn Khuldun has stated—"when Musa bin Nusair had reached into the office of the Khaleefah—"Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik, the Khaleefah expressed his disliking on his intention of Musa that he had been willing to reach Constantinople, conquering all the countries of Europe lying on the way. Thus, he would have dared to let them face to danger and destruction.

Moreover, the Khaleefah Waleed bin Abdul Malik had sent for Musa only after hearing this very news that he was determinate to attack the European countries without his permission. That is why Khaleefah Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik rebuked and scolded him due to his carelessly involving the Muslim army on account of his self-adornment and stubbornness. This statement of ibn-i-KhuIdun is quite conceivable and there is no mention of the story of the stool in it.

Musa bin Nusair had handed over the government of Andalus to his son Abdul Azeez and that of Africa and Morocco to his sons Abdullah and Marwan respectively. That is to say that the lands of Africa all had been in possession and disposal of his sons. That is why strictly taking accounts from Musa had not been out of anger and that is why no riots of any kind took place in the African countries. It must also not be overlooked that, on one side, Khaleefah Sulaiman gave Musa a very severe rebuke and , on the other, he did not consider the suspension of the sons of Musa essential. However, after a few days, Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik send Muhammad bin Yazid to Qairawan, after his appointment as viceroy of all the African countries for supervising them and retained the government of Andalus in the possession of Abdul Azeez bin Musa as usual.

The First Ruler of Andalus
Tariq and Musa both had been the conquerors of Andalus and both these chiefs kept busy in conquering lands, cities and. forts and getting the Christians to agree to treaties and getting the Islamic rule recognised. Both of them are called ‘Conquerors’ of Andalus'. Abdul Azeez, the son of Musa bin Nusair should be considered as the first ruler of Andalus. After that, the rulers or governors, one after another, had been being appointed by the court of Khaleefah, or at times by the court ruler of Qairawan and the viceroy of the African countries and later by the election of the Muslims of Andalus. These rulers J governors of Andalus are called Ameeran-i-Andalus.

History of Islam By Maulana AKbar Shah Khan Najeebabadi